http://hdl.handle.net/10174/661 2026-04-05T03:53:44Z 2026-04-05T03:53:44Z Castanheiro, José Cansado, Isabel Mourão, Paulo http://hdl.handle.net/10174/39603 2025-11-17T09:41:52Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Catalyst Materials for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: Design and Applications Authors: Castanheiro, José; Cansado, Isabel; Mourão, Paulo Editors: Inamuddin Abstract: Due to the increase of the emissions of CO2, SOX, and NOx, it becomes imperative to replace the traditional fossil fuels by “clean fuels”. The use of fuel cells can decrease the amount of gases with the greenhouse effect. There are several types of fuel cells, which can transform chemical energy into electric energy. The PEMFC is a polymer electrolyte membrane to fuel cells. These fuel cells can be operated between 60 and 120ºC. This chapter is a review of the catalyst materials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. © 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Castanheiro, José Cansado, Isabel mourao, paulo http://hdl.handle.net/10174/38103 2025-02-25T16:27:53Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Valorisation of Glycerol by Acetalization Reactions Using Heterogeneous Catalysts Authors: Castanheiro, José; Cansado, Isabel; mourao, paulo Editors: Taylor, James C. Abstract: The production of biodiesel has increased considerably during the last few years. About 100 kg of glycerol is produced for every 900 kg of biodiesel formed. Glycerol is considered a byproduct, but it can be converted into new compounds with high commercial value, which leads to increased sustainability of the biodiesel industry. Different processes, such as esterification, etherification, and oxidation reactions, can be used to improve the glycerol commercial value. Glycerol can be transformed into oxygenate compounds through acetalization reactions with ketones and aldehydes. The products of these processes can be applied as additives fuels. Usually, these reactions occur using homogeneous catalysts, such as sulphuric, fluoridric, chloridric and p-toluensuphonic acids. However, heterogeneous catalysts present some benefits over homogenous catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysts can be separated from the liquid phase and reused several times. They are less harmful to the environment, such as they are less corrosive. The present work presents a review that focuses on the use of a diversity of solid materials as heterogenous catalysts for glycerol valorisation by acetalization reactions.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z Castanheiro, José Cansado, Isabel mourao, paulo http://hdl.handle.net/10174/38027 2025-02-18T16:12:46Z 2024-08-06T23:00:00Z

Title: Thermochemical Conversion Products for Solid Biofuels Authors: Castanheiro, José; Cansado, Isabel; mourao, paulo Editors: Inamuddin; Altalhi, Tariq Abstract: Due to the environmental problems, which are associated with the increase of the emissions of gases with the greenhouse effect (CO2, SO2, and NOx), a climatic change, proven by the increase of the Earth Planet temperature, is observed. It is imperative to replace fossil sources, such as natural gas, coal, and petroleum, with renewable raw material for the production of biofuels. Biofuels can be solid, liquid, and gas fuels. Solid biofuels include firewood, wood chips, wood pellets, charcoal, biowaste, sewage sludge, and a diversity of residues from agricultural activities. Bioethanol, biodiesel, and pyrolysis bio-oil are classified as liquid biofuels. Biogas and syngas are considered gas biofuels. This chapter includes a review of the different processes to produce solid biofuels.

2024-08-06T23:00:00Z Castanheiro, José Cansado, Isabel mourao, paulo http://hdl.handle.net/10174/38024 2025-02-18T16:11:02Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Removal of Microplastics and Nanoplastics From Water Authors: Castanheiro, José; Cansado, Isabel; mourao, paulo Editors: Inamuddin; Altalhi, Tariq; Cruz Fernandes, Virgínia Abstract: Over the last few decades, plastics produced from fossil raw materials have been used for different applications. However, traditional plastics have environmental disadvantages. These plastics can be transformed through several processes, such as oxidation, photodegradation, and mechanical degradation. Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) can be obtained from these processes. The MPs and NPs are present in different locations, such as terrestrial, atmospheric and aquatic environments. There are various strategies for removing MPs and NPs from the environment. MPs and NPs can be removed using sponges/aerogels, materials with metals, biochar, and activated carbons. In this work, we review the different materials used to remove MPs and NPs from the environment will be done

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z