Influence of Long-Term and Short-Term Solar Radiation and Temperature Exposure on the Material Properties and Performance of Photovoltaic Panels: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the coupled effect of temperature and solar radiation on photovoltaic (PV) module performance and lifespan. Although numerous investigations have examined these stressors in themselves, this research addresses their interrelationship and evaluates the way climatic conditions affect short-term performance fluctuation and long-term degradation mechanisms. The assessment consolidates outcomes from model strategies, laboratory tests, and field monitoring studies. Through the presentation of these findings in a narrative form, the paper identifies recurring difficulties in terms of the absence of shared assessment metrics and the low level of standardisation of long-term test regimes. Second, it underlines the importance of predictive modelling and live monitoring as important management tools for coupled stressors. Finally, the review points out research gaps and underscores future research avenues, including ongoing work towards the development of a coupling index, a composite measure being piloted in individual studies, and advancements in materials technology, predictive methodology, and durability testing.