Rethinking olive oil production: Paths to sustainability

Abstract

Olive groves and olive oil production have been part of rural landscapes in Portugal since ancient times. While their social and cultural relevance are rooted in the past, their economic role stands out today. However, the intensification of production has been putting at risk the balance between territory, landscape and production. The challenge is to revitalise rural areas without pressure on natural resources, ecosystems and their inevitable relation to local communities, meaning to improve agricultural practices and quality of life. Sustainability programs have emerged to address these concerns. This article reflects on some impacts of the intensification of olive groves and shares insights from the Olive Oil of Alentejo Sustainability Program (OASP), focusing on Human Communities, Landscape Management, and Biodiversity. It presents suggestions for improvements in these areas and concludes that initiatives like OASP are important complements to public policy instruments. Also highlights the importance of involving public and private actors, researchers, and communities to develop innovative and responsible solutions that values and respects landscapes, ecosystems, and communities.